Instructional Design and LTs

This week, we would like to share a 2016 article entitled, Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction by authors Khalil and Elkhider from the University of South Carolina.

The authors remind us that faculty are designing their courses typically without formal training in learning theories, which provide a foundation for teaching strategies. To achieve effective learning outcomes, design models are used to guide instructors to elicit student cognitive processes.

The goal of the study was to share learning models as theoretical evidence for the design and delivery of instructional materials. Models include information processing as the prevailing theory in cognitive psychology; Gagnés five domains of learning: 1) motor skills, 2) verbal information, 3) intellectual skills, 4) cognitive strategies, and 5) attitude; Behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism.

The authors connect Learning Theories to three primary instructional design models, which include the ADDIE or - analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation - model; the Dick and Carey model; and the 4CD/ID model - where the “C” meaning Components, of which the four include (1) Learning Tasks, (2) Supportive Information, (3) Procedural Information and (4) Part-Task Practice.